englischMethods at national borders to prevent the entry of migrants can range from pushbacks on the high seas, forcible returns at land borders to complete border closures. To what extent are access restrictions at borders compatible with obligations under international and European law? Can [...]

englischReflecting the significant changes in the European Union and its Member States, this edited volume emphasises the necessity to take a detailed analysis of the future of democracy in the European Union. This entails a more pro-active approach to adapting the democratic structure to the [...]

englischThe thesis examines the changing role of the ECJ in the course of its judicial activity. While some of the early "grands arrêts" of the ECJ sometimes made it seem like an activist court that developed Community law in pursuit of "a certain idea of Europe", without regard to national [...]

englischSince 2020, the European Union has had a "digital strategy". With it, the Union institutions are attempting to legally define the behaviour of the actors in cyberspace, which is often perceived as disorderly. The plans are extensive and range from the regulation of digital platforms and [...]

englischThe paper examines the introduction and implementation of investor obligations that are capable of redressing the imbalance attributed to international investment law. After investment law was seen as a positive instrument for protecting investors‘ rights and attracting investment, a [...]

englischThe paper examines the Agreement for the Termination of Intra-EU BITs, which fundamentally changes the intra-European investment protection system. In the analysis, a distinction is made between legal and factual elements. The legal assessment provides answers to the questions whether the [...]

englischThe interaction of investment protection, human rights, and international arbitration is complex. Theories on their interaction are helpful starting points. At the same time, general formulas reach their limits as soon as it comes to evaluating concrete issues. In twelve chapters, the [...]

englischInvestor-state dispute settlement proceedings have taken place behind closed doors for a long time. Due to the involvement of nation states and the fact that such proceedings may affect highly political contro-versies, a minimum of transparency is required for legitimacy reasons. The [...]

englischThe European Single Market is one of the largest economic areas in the world; however, it is also subject to dangers from unfair competitive practices both from "inside" and "outside". Ensuring fair competition conditions in the European Union is a central aspect of competition policy and [...]

englischOne of the most important differences between the investment protection law of the past, which is based on the law of diplomatic protection and customary aliens law, and modern investment protection law, which is based on a large number of international treaties, including international [...]