Arbeitszeitrechtliche Vorgaben und Vereinbarungen für Lizenzfußballer

Licensed soccer players are not typical employees, as their constant striving for top sporting performance runs counter to state restrictions on working hours. This raises the question of whether and to what extent protective provisions under labor law apply at all to professional soccer players. Does the state have a duty to protect in this area at all? Or can the licensed clubs take over any health protection measures, so that regulation through working time regulations is obsolete?
In addition, the study examines which contractual regulations are applicable at all. Existing model employment contracts for licensed players do not stipulate any working time requirements. Is this a problem in practice?