Die Verpflichtung Privater durch die sozialen und Gleichheitsrechte der GRCh

The obligation of private individuals by fundamental rights has been one of the most frequently discussed topics of German constitutional law for decades. However, with regard to EU fundamental rights, this issue remains under-examined. Yet the question is particularly pressing in this context, as the CJEU has already recognised this effect of fundamental rights on several occasions. The goal of this study is therefore the development of a doctrinal model: using social and equality rights as an example, it analyses the conditions under which private individuals may be subject to obligations under the CFR. Particular attention is then paid to examining the substantive content of fundamental rights claims arising between private individuals.