Equality of Arms in International Dispute Settlement

This book defines the scope and content of the general principle of equality of arms: it identifies the rights and obligations of the parties and the powers and duties of the tribunals or courts deriving from the principle.
It defines equality of arms in the light of the case-law of the ECtHR. It then analyses the principle in proceedings before the ICJ, ITLOS, international investment arbitration and international commercial arbitration. The book is structured according to the steps of international adjudication, analysed through the prism of equality of arms.
Equality of arms is also analysed as a principle aimed at redressing inequality of resources between the parties, for example through funding mechanisms and security for costs.