Hacker im Spiegel des Völkerrechts

From the Kosovo war to the Russia-Ukraine war: Patriotic hackers have been involved in wars and cyber conflicts for decades. But their role is as complex as it is enigmatic: It often remains unclear whether patriotic hackers are acting as cyber proxies on behalf of a state or whether they are launching cyber attacks on their own initiative. Additionally, the anonymity of the internet and the difficult attribution of cyber attacks often conceal their true identity and origin. But how should states react to patriotic hacker attacks? Janine Schmoldt analyses the complex phenomenon of patriotic hackers and presents a differentiated approach to the classification of patriotic hackers in terms of international law and political science.