Der unionsrechtliche Verhältnismäßigkeitsgrundsatz als Grenze der Rückforderung unionsrechtswidriger mitgliedstaatlicher Beihilfen

The European Commission continues to disregard the principle of proportionality as one of the limitations of the recovery order and refers to the consistent decision practice of the European Court of Justice, according to which the recovery of unlawfully granted aid cannot in principle be regarded as a disproportionate measure. The aim of this publication is to answer the question, whether, despite the principles established by the ECJ, the principle of proportionality as a limitation of the recovery order must be examined individually and cannot always be denied simply by referring to the “logical consequence” of the unlawful aid.