Die graphische Darstellbarkeit visuell nicht wahrnehmbarer Markenformen

Sound, smell, taste and touch marks are more and more attractive to modern marketing. However, a trademark protection for these signs often fails because of the requirement of graphical representation. This requirement proves problematic, especially with regard to non-visible signs. The book shows the practical significance of non-visible signs and assesses the protectability under trademark law. The main focus is the requirement of graphical representation. Those forms of representation encountered in practice so far are presented and an overview on the current practice regarding the representation of non-visual marks and the respective difficulties is given. In the course of the European trademark reform, the requirement of graphical representability is abolished; the book addresses the impact of this legislative amendment on the future registrability of non-visible signs.